书写共和:试析《清史稿》对辛亥革命的记载

Writing the Republic: A Valuation on the Records of the Xinhai Revolution in the Draft History of Qing Dynasty

学术界的批评及国民政府组织的政治审查,使得《清史稿》刊行后的命运格外坎坷。清史馆同人"内清室而外民国",这几乎成为学界普遍认可的学术定论。辛亥革命是以共和取代王权,具有公认的进步意义。清史馆同人对此并不否认。《清史稿》所呈现的,确是"不一样的辛亥革命",但也不能笼统地视为清史馆同人"敢于"反对共和、反对民国。由于记载史事的角度不同,《清史稿》留下了光宣文人有关现代中国的特殊记忆,这又在某种意义上成全了《清史稿》作为史学文本的独特性。只有深入分析《清史稿》相关行文的背景与成因,才能对清史馆同人持有"理解之同情",从而避免简单的政治或道德批判。

A hurriedly published orthodox history named Draft History of Qing Dynasty,which compiled and written by a team of old scholars,has met its fate of embarrassment subjected to academic critiques and authorities' political investigation.The draft was criticized for being biased and against the Republican government's Xinhai Revolution.In reality,the compilers did not deny the great significance of Xinhai Revolution as a progress of republic's victory over autocracy.We should not deduce that all the compilers feel like and dare to challenge the Republic of China,although there was really a different 'Xinhai Revolution' to some extent in the draft history.As a special memoir,the Draft History of Qing Dynasty has gained its importance because the compilers' writing and recording with their points of view.Only after analyzed thoroughly how and why the compilers had written,could a reasonable and considerate appreciation,not a simple political or moral rebuke be possible to attain.