历史话语的转义与文学性的衍生——评海登·怀特的话语转义学

Tropology of Historical Discourse and Derivation of Literariness——On Tropology of Discourse of Hayden White

转义是人类认识事物的重要思维方式,每一种转义类型都代表了语言的一种特殊策略,用于联系它所构建的领域内各现象之间的关系。隐喻实质上是再现的,换喻是还原的,提喻是综合的,而反讽则是否定的。这些隐含在每一转义类型所表现的修辞策略关系模式构成了四种历史论证形式的基础。在美国历史学家海登.怀特那里,历史诗性结构经过转义,成为了可读性的历史叙事模式,罗曼司、喜剧、悲剧、讽刺剧,也预示着历史话语中文学性的衍生。

tropology is one of the most important thinking modes of human beings, each of which re- presents a special language strategy and is used to connect each different phenomenon in its constructed field. Metaphor in fact is representative, metonymy is reducible and synecdoche is comprehensive and irony is negative. Each strategy of the classical rhetoric tropologies constitutes the basis of 4 types of historical narratives. According to American historian, Hayden White, the historical poetic deep structure becomes readable historical narrative modes, romance, tragedy, comedy and irony through tropology, implying der-ivation of literariness of historical discourse.