超越中等收入陷阱:韩国人力资源开发对中国的启示

Beyond the Middle-Income Trap: the Revelation of Korean Development of Human Resources to China

本文认为随着中国进入中等收入国家的行列,发展速度正在降低,人口资源的红利也正在消失。如何保障中国的可持续发展而避免落入中等收入的陷阱是当前必须认真考虑的重大政策问题。本文认为,人力资源的红利可以替代人口资源的红利,使中国获得未来数十年的持续增长,前提是在社会稳定、不发生重大自然灾害的情况下,中国能够持续地加大人力资源开发。本文认为,韩国经过短短8年时间就跨越了中等收入陷阱进入到了高收入国家行列,其经验值得中国借鉴,特别是其人力资源开发是保障其顺利持续发展的核心因素之一。论文具体以韩国20世纪下半叶的人力资源开发为例,探讨其在跨越中等收入陷阱的过程中,是如何重视并具体实施人力资源开发的,韩国的人力资源开发取得了什么样的成就,并就我国的相对差距进行了分析。最后从韩国的发展经验,总结了若干对中国的借鉴和启示,诸如人力资源红利可以替代人口资源的红利、教育与社会经济的协调发展、教育公平、大部制改革、教育立法等。

It is believed,in this thesis,that China moves forward into the middle-income countries,while its developing speed is slowing down and the bonus of human resources is disappearing.How to maintain China′s sustainable development and keep it away from middle-income trap has become an important political matter.The thesis holds that in order to maintain the sustainable growth in the next few decades,on the premise of a stable society,without major natural disasters and continuous development of human resources.It also holds that Korea has crossed past middle-income trap and become a high-income country within only eight years,which is valuable experience to China,especially that its human resources′ development is one of the core factors supporting the country′s sustainable development.With the human resources′ development from the 1960s to 2000 as the example,this thesis discusses how Korea appreciated and developed human resources and what success Korea has achieved,and analyses the relative distance in China.Several lessons and revelations are also presented in the end,such as the replacement of population bonus by human resources bonus,the coordination of education and social economy,education equality,the super-ministry reform,education legislation etc.