如何看待科学顾问的身份困境?

How to understand the identity dilemma of science advisers?

随着社会知识化进程的不断推进,公共政策制定越来越需要科学和技术专业知识的支持,科学发现和技术发展对政策的影响已经形成一个独特的问题域,科学顾问成为当代政策制定过程中有重要影响的社会角色。然而,随着科学的客观性和知识的确定性被打破,专业知识和科学顾问对决策的指导作用也受到了质疑和挑战。本文认为,决策情境中事实判断和价值判断的相互纠缠和相互冲突,科学探究中认知真理性与政治决策中价值合理性可能出现的摩擦,导致了科学顾问的身份困境。本文将分析这一困境出现的原因,探讨科学顾问角色的新内涵,以进一步理解专业知识和科学家在决策中的独特作用及其限度。

With the continuous social progress by knowledge drive contemporary public policy making need more support from scientific and technical expertise. Implications of Scientific discovery and technological development for policy have become a unique problem do- main, scientific adviser also has become an influential role in today＇s policy - making process. With breakdown of knowledge certainty and scientific objectivity,the roles of expertise and advisers in decision -making has been questioned and challenged. This paper ar- gues that, fact judgment and value judgment is both in decision - making situation, the truth of scientific advice and value in political decision constitute a dilemma of science advisers. Based on such viewpoint, we will analyze the reason for this dilemma appear to,ex- plore the role connotation of science advisers, and try to re - understanding on limitation and unique role of specialized knowledge and scientists in decision- making.