高等教育扩招与城乡入学机会差异的变化

The Expansion and Rural-urban Inequality in Access to Higher Education in China

我国的高等教育入学机会在城乡间存在很大差异。基于中国家庭动态跟踪调查2010年的数据，考察扩招前后城乡高等教育入学率的变动趋势，并对农村生源占录取新生比、城乡录取率以及城乡辈出率等入学公平指标的数学性质进行探讨，结果表明：扩招后农村高等教育入学率的增速较快，但由于扩招前城乡入学率的差异悬殊，农村高等教育入学率的增量较小，最终导致城乡间入学率的差距在扩招后增大。

Previous studies did not reach consistent conclusions regarding whether Utu- na＇s higher education expansion reduced the rural-urban inequality in access to higher educa- tion. This paper discriminated between two types of expansion and examined the mathemati- cal properties of various indicators of equity. By making using of a nationally representative dataset collected by China Family Panel Studies in 2010, the results indicated that even though the rural enrollment rate grown faster since 1999, the significant rural-urban dispari- ties in access to higher education in pre-expansion era led to enrollment rate gaps widening considerably in post-expansion era.