侦查措施的适用与刑事错案的关系研究

A Study on the Relationship between the Application of Investigative Measures and Misjudged Criminal Cases

错案的主体指刑事诉讼中的专门机关,其过程涉及刑事诉讼的各个阶段,原因包括违反法律程序、适用法律错误和不当执法等,对象包括"正当程序错误"和"放纵犯罪错误"。各种侦查措施的具体适用都可能导致错误,实践中侦查措施适用形成的错误与刑事错案有着密切的关系:不当适用侦查措施可能导致错案;依法适用侦查措施可能导致错案;违法适用侦查措施不必然导致错案;单一错误的证据材料可能为错案的形成留下隐患;单一错误的鉴定可能在错案形成中常起到关键作用。通过推进执法规范化,有助于避免侦查措施适用中可能造成的证据材料失真,进而从源头上避免错案。

The subjects of misjudged criminal cases refer to specialized organs in criminal proceedings which involve different phases of criminal proceedings. Misjudged criminal cases may be caused by violation of legal procedures, misuse of laws and improper law enforcement. Specific application of investigative measures may cause errors which are closely related to misjudged criminal cases. Improper application of investigative measures may cause misjudged criminal cases. Applying investigative measures according to laws may also cause misjudged criminal cases. Illegal use of investigative measures does not necessarily cause misjudged criminal cases. Evidence of single error may be potential danger for future misjudged criminal cases and the verification of single error plays a key role in the occurrence of misjudged criminal cases. To standardize the law enforcement helps to avoid incorrect evidence caused by the allocation of investigative measures and thus avoid misjudged criminal cases from their source.