国外脆弱性理论模型与评估框架研究评述

Review on the Theoretical Model and Assessment Framework of Foreign Vulnerability Research

目前,脆弱性研究作为一种新的研究范式已经在多学科领域中得到了广泛应用,并取得了丰硕成果。但随着研究的深入,学者们发现,由于学科背景及研究视角的差异性,不同研究领域之间存在着结论不兼容和工作重复等问题,迫切需要一个可行的理论模型与评估框架来整合其理论和实践的研究。在对脆弱性概念内涵的发展演变过程分析的基础上,对国外多学科领域中的脆弱性理论模型及评估框架进行了对比研究和评述。研究发现:脆弱性概念的泛化是制约通用脆弱性理论模型与评估框架的关键因素,结合未来脆弱性研究的发展方向,对整合的脆弱性理论模型与评估框架提出了4个方面的要求,即多时空尺度特征、多重扰动特征、耦合系统特征和人文特征。

Currently, the vulnerability study has been widely applied in many research fields as a new para- digm, and achieved many useful results. However, some scholars have found that there are some important prob- lems of the contradiction of the conclusion of different disciplines and duplication of work, as the result of the differ- ence of the academic background and research perspective. So there is an urgent need for a viable theoretical model and assessment framework to integrate the theory and practice of vulnerability research. Based on the analysis of the evolution of vulnerability concept and research content, this paper makes a review of the theoretical model and as- sessment framework of foreign vulnerability research. The results show that the different explanation of the concept of vulnerability is the main factor which constrains the construction of the general vulnerability theoretical model and assessment framework. Considering the fact that it is unrealistic to achieve the unity of the concept of vulnerability in a short time and the new trends in the vulnerability research, the paper brought some requirements which should be taken seriously in the construction of general theoretical model and assessment framework for future vulnerability research, namely, the multi-scale of spatio-temporal, multi-perturbation, coupled system, and human cultural i- dentity.