基于GIS的河南省公路交通网络分形空间特征研究

Study on Fractal Properties of Highway Transportation Networks in Henan Province Based on GIS

以分形理论为基础,借助GIS技术,分别测算了河南省全域公路交通网络的长度-半径维数、分枝维数以及其所辖18个省辖市各等级公路的相似维数及权维值。研究表明:河南省公路交通网络具有分形特征,长度-半径维数与分枝维数存在一定差异;各地市权维值存在较大差异,表明河南省公路交通网络分布不均衡,差异较大,中原城市群和黄淮的部分地区公路交通较好,而豫北、豫西、豫西南及豫东南部分地区交通覆盖度较差。为进一步探讨各地市公路建设规模和经济发展之间的协调关系,通过公路规模与经济产出的分形模型测算出18个省辖市的分维值,发现郑州等10个城市经济发展超前于公路规模、开封等3个城市基本一致、平顶山等5个城市经济发展滞后于公路建设规模。

There are several different calculation methods of fractal dimension value. Length-radius dimen- sion, dendrite-radius dimension and similarity dimension of highway transportation network of Henan Province are calculated with the help of the software ArcGIS in this paper. Zhengzhou, the transportation hinge of Henan Prov- ince is chosen as the calculation center for fractal characteristics analysis, and the radius value changes between 20 and 360 km. The results show that the higher transportation network of Henan Province has fractal characteristics. It shows that the connectivity of the highway transportation of Henan Province should be strengthened. The similari- ty dimension of different districts of the main cities has also been calculated at the scale of 2 to 20 km in this re- search and the results show that the highway transportation network distributes uneven. The highway transportation of the Central Plains City Cluersters and the Yellow and Huai River areas is better, but the highway traffic coverage in the north western and the southeast of Henan Province is poorer. To further seek coordination relations between highway construction and the economic development in various cities, the authors caclulate the fractal of 18 cities by introducing the fractal model of road construction scale-economic output. And discover that economic develop- ment exceeds the road scale in 10 cities, basically consistent in 3 cities, and economic development lags behind highway construction scale in 5 cities.