中学生心理社会因素与抑郁关系

Relationship between depression and psychosocial factors in middle school students

目的了解贵州贵阳中学生心理社会因素与抑郁的关系,为中学生心理健康教育和心理干预提供依据。方法采用整群分层随机抽样方法,对4所中学共620名中学生进行青少年生活事件量表、领悟社会支持量表、A型行为问卷、中学生焦虑量表及中学生抑郁量表调查;按照《中国学生体质健康调研检测细则》标准测量身高、体重等。结果中学生抑郁检出率为27.6%(171/620),其中男生104人,占53.9%,女生67人,占46.1%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高中生抑郁得分高于初中生,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.96,P<0.001);独生子女与非独生子女抑郁得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中学生焦虑检出率为36.3%(225/620),其中初中生100人,占44.4%,高中生125人,占55.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.46,P=0.006);多元线性回归分析结果显示,健康适应、学习压力、A型行为、焦虑、体重是影响中学生抑郁状态的独立危险因素;人际关系、社会支持是抑郁状态的保护因素。结论生活事件、社会支持、A型行为及焦虑与中学生抑郁状态有关。

Objective To study the association of psychosocial factors with depression in middle school students and to provide bases for mental health education and psychological intervention.Methods With cluster randomly stratified sampling method,a total of 620 students from four middle schools were selected and surveyed with Adolescent Life Event Scale（ASLEC）,Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS）,A-type Behavior Questionnaire,Anxiety Scale,and High School Students Depression Scale.The height and weight of the students were also measured in accordance with the ＂Physical Health Survey of Chinese Students Testing Rules＂.Results The detection rate of depression in the students was 27.6%（171/620） and the rate of the girls（67,46.1%） was lower than that of the boys（53.9%） but without significant difference（χ2 = 7.79,P0.05）.The score of depression of high school students was higher than that of middle school students with a significant difference（P0.001）.The detection rate of anxiety was 36.3%（225/620） and the rate of the junior school students was 44.4%,lower than that of the high-school students（55.6%） with a significant difference（χ2=12.46,P0.01）.The results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that health adaptation,study pressure,A-type behavior,anxiety,and body weight were independent risk factors for depression and interpersonal social support were protective factors of depression among the students.Conclusion Life event,social support,A-type behavior,and anxiety are closely related to depression among middle school students.