矿产资源国家所有者民事收益权问题研究--以煤炭资源有偿取得为例

Issue on the Civil Earnings Right of the Country that is the Owner of Mineral Resources——A Case of Paid Acquisition of Coal Resources

矿产资源归国家所有,即全民所有,虽然实行有偿取得制度,但并没有实现国家所有者的收益权。表现在国家仅收取了矿产资源相关税费,而对矿产资源本身以零对价方式出让,造成了严重的收入分配不公和政府公共事业支出资金短缺的问题。究其原因,主要在于国家只注重国家的矿产资源管理者身份,忽视了矿产资源所有者身份;只注重国家的行政管理职能,忽视了民事收益职能;只注重矿产资源收入二次分配,忽视了矿产资源收入一次分配。因此,实现矿产资源国家收益权,必须促成矿产资源由资源管理向资产管理的转变,改革矿产资源有偿取得制度,在矿产资源出让一级市场实现国家收益权,建立矿产资源流转二级市场,实现资源优化配置。

Mineral resources belong to the state,and the whole people.Our country that is the owner of mineral resources has not been achieved the earnings right,although taking the law of paying to obtain coal resources.Our country has levied the taxes and fees,and grant mineral resources freely,that brought about income distribution unfairly and there is not enough funds for public utilities expenditure.The reason are that our country only pay attention to its role of mineral resources governor,but owner;pay attention to the functions of administration,but the functions of civil gains;pay attention to initial distribution of Mineral resources revenues,but secondary distribution.So,if we want the mineral resources earnings right of our country,we should bring about the change from administrating resources to assets,and complete the system of mineral resources paid.Bring about earnings right of our country in the first market of granting mineral resources,and establish the second market,for the optimal allocation of resources.