6Clear, Todd R. 2012. The ASC and ACJS should merge. The Criminologist 37 (3) : 22 -24.
7Hemmens, Craig. 2011. A modest proposal for eliminating the unnecessary and inefficient division of the criminal justice and criminology academy. ACJS Now 16 (No. 1, August).
7Garner, Bryan A. 2004. Black' s Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN : Thomson business, p. 370 "The punishmeat and treatment of a crimi- nal offender through a program of imprisonment, parole, and probation.
8Rush, George E. 1991. The dictionary of criinal justice. The Dushkin Publishing Group. p. 70.