羌语濒危型村寨语言使用现状及成因分析

Language Use and Cause Analysis of the Qiang-languageendangered Village

从整个羌族地区来看,雁门乡是羌语保持较好的地区之一,但不同村寨羌语保持状态却有很大差别。麦地村和芤山村属于羌语濒危型村寨,出现了羌语使用人口锐减且呈高龄化态势、交际功能丧失、代际传承中断等特征。造成羌语濒危的因素较为复杂,突出表现在两个方面:一是居住环境开放,与外界交往频繁;二是通用语和主流文化的竞争强势。

In the whole area of the Qiang ethnic group, Yanmen Village is one of the places that better preserves the Qiang language. There are great differences among villages in attitude towards maintaining the Qiang language. Maidi Village and Koushan Village are the Qiang-language-endangered villages, in which the population of using it is decreasing with a trend of old age, a loss of communicative ability and a break in inheritance. The causes are complex with two outstanding factors： 1 ） open living environment and frequent communications with the outside world; and 2） a strong competition from the common language and the main stream culture.