作为无功能的个人功能——阿多诺对黑格尔国家伦理学的批判

The individual function as nonfunction: the criticism for Hegel's state Ethics from Adorno

黑格尔的国家伦理在理念中非常注重特殊利益的诉求,主张在国家中实现普遍就是实现自我。但是,在国家这种伦理实体的具体实现过程中,普遍性的方面即相对于个人来说的国家整体方面,在国家实现自身的过程中有着绝对的第一性的地位,个人往往被降低为纯粹的执行者。阿多诺认为,国家这种伦理实体的第一性带来的往往不是个人和国家的总体和谐的图景,反而表现为一种个体解放的骗局。真正的和解表现为个体和整体的合理对抗。

Although Hegel emphasized the formation of individual freedom in the modern state,and pointed out that the modern state should keep the link of subjective free;but in the ethical entity of a countries,the universal aspect,in contrast to individual,had a absolute first position in the process which a country to realize itself.The universal aspect with irresistible priority controlled the mind of a person,and a person was reduced to a pure enforcer,and the state became a spiritual fetishism.The primacy of a country as a ethical entity,brought more often than not a harmonious picture between personal and national totality,it was a kind of swindle of individual liberation.