板栗结果枝叶片矿质营养特征研究

Study on the Characteristic of Mineral Elements in Leaves on Fruiting Branches of Castanea mollissima B L.

以板栗"3113"为试材,研究了不同物候期结果枝叶片主要矿质元素含量的动态变化及相关性,以期为板栗的营养诊断和施肥提供依据。结果表明:不同物候期,结果枝叶片N、P、K含量随物候期均呈下降趋势,Ca、Fe、Mn含量随物候期均呈上升趋势;B含量在开花授粉期较低,之后随物候期上升,Cu含量变化则呈相反趋势;Mg含量几乎不随物候期变化;不同物候期叶片主要矿质元素含量变化存在一定的相关性,其中N与P、Fe与Mn含量变化呈显著正相关;N、P和K与Ca、K与Mg、Cu与Fe、Mn含量变化均呈显著负相关;其它矿质元素间相关性均不显著;开花授粉期和果实膨大期是板栗需肥较多的时期,建议在5月下旬追施Ca、B复合肥,在6月上旬追施N、P、K、Cu复合肥,在8月下旬分别追施N、P、K复合肥和Fe、Mn,但施肥时需注意元素间的拮抗作用;幼果期叶片主要矿质元素含量变化较缓慢,为营养诊断时期。

With Castanea mollissima ＇3113＇ as experimental materials,the dynamic changes and their correlation of the mineral nutrition contents in leaves on fruiting branches with phonological period were studied,with the aim to provide reference for nutrition diagnosis and fertilization.The results showed that with phonological period,contents of N,P,K generally decreased,however,contents of Ca,Fe,Mn gradually increased.Content of B was low during the stage of anthesis and pollination,then increased with phonological period,and compared with B element,content of Cu showed the opposite variation tendency.Besides that,content of Mg changed slightly with phonological period.With phonological period,there were significant positive correlations between N and P,Fe and Mn.N,P,K had significant negative correlations with Ca,and significant negative correlations also existed between K and Mg,as well as Fe,Mn and Cu.During the periods of anthesis and fruit expanding,the tree required more nutrition.Based on the results,Ca,B compound fertilizer and N,P,K,Cu compound fertilizer should be applied respectively in late May and in early June;in late August N,P,K compound fertilizer and Fe,Mn micronutrient fertilizer ware indispensable,however,the antagonism between elements should be taken into consideration.Young fruit period was a time for nutrition diagnosis,during which main mineral elements contents changed slightly.