认识先前学习评价：基于法律的视角

Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition: A Legal Perspective

先前学习评价(PLAR)是对高等教育的入学申请者入学之前的学习、工作、生活经验等的综合评价,并转换成现实学分的一项终身学习促进制度。这项制度最早从法国发展起来,在美国、加拿大广泛采用。当今世界上许多国家都在积极研究和推进。我国已有了对先前学习评价的实践,中央广播电视大学也率先进行了理论研究和国际合作,取得了一些成果。从一些发达国家的实践经验看,在我国推行PLAR很有现实意义,但操作难度也很大。PLAR对法律意识、平等对待、个体尊重、立法和执法都有很高的期许。PLAR强调法律规定、政策指导、规则、程序和透明度。在我国,稳步推进PLAR首先应深入研究,由政府推进,先行立法,广泛实验试点,切忌急于求成。

Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition(PLAR) is the process of identifying,assessing and rec ognizing skills and knowledge acquired through previous learning,work experience,life experience,and so on before the applicants'admission to higher education programmes.These experiences can be con verted into credits to exempt students from some parts of the study.PLAR is hence believed to contrib ute to lifelong learning.PLAR originated in France and was later widely adopted in the USA and Cana da.Today,it is being studied and implemented in many countries in the world,including China.The Open University of China is a pioneer in this field in China,conducting theoretical research and interna tional cooperation.Judging from the practice of some other countries,PLAR is of practical relevance to China's open and distance education but may encounter difficulties in its implementation.It is argued that the implementation of PLAR depends on legal awareness,respect for individuals,law legislation and enforcement.Therefore,there should be relevant laws,policies,regulations,procedures as well as trans parency.It is concluded that there should be indepth research into PLAR followed by legislation and largescale experiments before its implementation in China and that this process should be govern mentled.