城市轨道交通PPP模式核心要点研究——北京地铁M号线案例分析

Core elements of public-private partnership in urban rail transit:case of Beijing metro line M

目前我国城市轨道交通建设仍存在资金需求大、融资难、效率低等问题,北京地铁M号线作为全国城市轨道交通行业首个引入社会资本的PPP项目,已成功建成并进入运营期,有必要对其进行后评价,分析其核心要点并总结经验教训,为PPP模式在未来城市轨道交通的推广应用提出战略建议。首先对北京地铁M号线的PPP模式结构、PPP项目结构及其实施效果进行总结;再运用文献阅读、案例分析、专家访谈等方法识别实施要点清单;最后,运用问卷调查、数理统计等方法判定要点性质,并对其中的核心要点进行定性分析。结果表明北京地铁M号线具有12个实施要点,其中,政府支持力度是PPP项目实施的前提要点,而投融资结构和组合PPP模式、收益动态分配及调整机制、政府监管的法制化和体系化、PPP公司的股权结构和组织架构是PPP项目实施的核心要点,应在今后PPP模式的推广应用中重点关注。

The urban rail transit in China is still facing several problems,such as huge fund demand,great financing difficulty and low operation efficiency.Beijing Metro Line M,as the first PPP project using social capital in the country＇s urban rail transit industry,has successfully entered the operation period.It is necessary to post-evaluate Beijing Metro Line M by analyzing its core elements,lessons learnt and strategic advices obtained for future PPP projects.The composite PPP model structure,PPP program structure and implementation effect are summarized.A list of implementation elements are identified by means of literature review,case studies and expert interviews.A questionnaire survey is conducted to determine the nature,and four core elements are both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.The results show that Beijing Metro Line M has 12 important elements,one significant element of which is the government support.The four core elements of PPP project implementation should be focused in future applications of the PPP model.