猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒免疫抑制研究进展

Progress on Immunosuppression of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是造成全球养猪业巨大经济损失的病毒性传染病,由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起。自从该病被发现以来,PRRSV病毒的基因组结构、蛋白功能等生物学、致病性、传播方式等流行病学及疫苗和防控进行了深入的研究,然而目前商业化的疫苗对PRRS的预防效果并不理想,这可能与PRRSV的免疫逃避和对机体免疫机能的抑制有关。PRRSV可通过抗原逃避、延迟中和抗体产生和T细胞免疫、抗体依赖性增强、抑制树突状细胞功能、诱导调节性T细胞分化等多种途径逃避和抑制机体的天然免疫和适应性免疫应答,导致病毒的持续性感染。

PRRSV is the causative agent of the most important infectious disease affecting swine herds worldwide, producing great economic losses. Tremendous progresses have been made in understanding the molecular biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and vaccines of PRRSV since its discovery. However, commercially available vaccines are only partially effective in protection against PRRSV, which mey be due to the complex immune evasion of PRRSV and the host immunosuppression. PRRSV can persistent infection in swine due to the suppression of innate and adaptive immunity, which were mediated by antigen escape, delay of neutralizing antibody and T cell response, antibody-dependent enhancement, regulation of dendritic cells and activation of regulatory T cells.