来春石泰来华与近代中德军政互动关系考

Reitzenstein's Stay in China and Sino-Germany Military and Political Relationship

来春石泰出身于德国军人世家,却是近代中国新军的开创者之一。来春石泰现象是近代中国与世界互动中的一种奇特现象,颇具代表性。作为一名德国军官,来春石泰在德国并无名声,对德国军事发展和军队建设也无突出功绩。但在近代中国,来春石泰可谓大名鼎鼎,他对中国早期军事近代化产生过重大影响。此前,学界因资料匮乏,关于来春石泰的出身来历、晚清重臣张之洞通过何种途径聘请他、此次聘请与德国政府有无关系等问题,都没有确考。来春石泰来华相关问题的考辨,对于研究他对近代中国军事变革的贡献,他与晚清重要的新式军队自强军的关系,以及近代中外军事交流途径,具有重要的学术价值。

Born in a family of German soldiers,Reitzenstein was one of the founders of China's New Army in modern times.He was unique and representative in modern China's interaction with the world.As a German army officer,Reitzenstein was neither famous in Germany,nor contributed to the military development or the army construction at his motherland.However,in modern China,he enjoyed much more fame and had a magnificent influence on the early modernization of China's military affairs.In the past,for lack of related materials in this field,scholars had difficulties in confirming or studying the problems such as the origin of Reitzenstein,how Chang Chi-tung,a famous minister of late Qing Dynasty,hired him,and whether the German government had played a role in this employment.Therefore it is of great value to do some textual research on Reitzenstein in order to figure out Reitzenstein's contribution to modern China's military transformation,his interaction with Tze-Ch'iang brigade,a new army in late Qing Dynasty,as well as the ways for modern China to conduct military communication with the world.