刘邦丰西纵放骊山徒的真实原因

The Reason of Liu Bang Release of the Li Shan Prisoners from Fengxi

关于刘邦纵放骊山徒的原因,学界一直沿用《史记·高祖本纪》中"徒多道亡,自度比至皆亡之"的说法,即害怕交不了差要受严惩故而行之。但从实际情况考察,这一经典解释又存在一系列破绽,诸如:押送行动没有配备应有的护送武装;徒夫被绳索绑缚,自己很难挣脱;出发第一天就出现大量逃亡事件;逃亡发生后,既不向上级报告,又不组织追捕,亦未采取补救措施;宿营地的选择存在明显失误等。从刘邦在秦末的一些活动来看,他具有纵徒举事的主观动机。经过他多年的苦心经营,已经形成了化解风险、实施预谋的潜在实力和条件。因此,丰西纵徒应是一场有计划、有预谋的活动。

The academic circles have adopted the reason that Liu Bang released the Li Shan prisoners from the ＂Historical Record Gaozu Benji＂ all the time. The ＂Historical Records＂ wrote, ＂Some prisoners had escaped on the way, Liu Bang thought that he would be put to death at last, even if he arrived at the destination. ＂ The opinion was that he was afraid of punishment because he didnt complete the task. But through the investigating the actual situation, this classical explanation existed a series of flaws. First, the action wasnt provided with proper armed escort. Second, the prisoners were tied up by rope; it was very difficult to free them. Third, a lot of escape cases happened on the first day. Fourth, after escape, he did not report the leader and did not organize to run and arrest them and did not adopt the remedy measures. Fifth, the camping selection existed apparent mistake. Therefore, the release of prisoners from Fengxi could be a planned and pre-meditated action. From Liu Bangt action at the end of the Qing Dynasty, he had the subjective motivation to release the prisoners.