奶牛日粮中复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿及精料的最佳组合研究

The optimal combination of complex treatment of maize straw,alfalfa hay and concentrate in dairy cattle dietary

为了确定奶牛日粮中复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿及精料的最佳组合,将复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿、复合处理玉米秸与精饲料以及筛选出的复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿的最优组合与精饲料均以0∶100、20∶80、40∶60、60∶40、80∶20、100∶0的比例进行组合,通过短期人工瘤胃技术测定饲料不同组合对瘤胃发酵的影响。结果表明,各不同组合对瘤胃液pH影响均不显著(P>0.05);对氨氮浓度影响显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),但均在正常范围内。在微生物蛋白产量方面,复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿及复合处理玉米秸与精饲料比例为80∶20的组合均极显著高于其他比例的组合(P<0.01),复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿的最优组合(80∶20)与精饲料比例为60∶40的组合极显著或显著高于其他比例的组合(P<0.01或P<0.05)。在乙酸浓度和三种挥发性脂肪酸总浓度上,复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿、复合处理玉米秸与精饲料及复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿的最优组合(80∶20)与精料均以比例为60∶40和80∶20的组合极显著或显著高于其他比例的组合(P<0.01或P<0.05)。除精料比例为80%和100%的组合外,所有组合的乙酸丙酸比均在正常范围内。由此可见,在本试验设计条件下,奶牛日粮中复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿比例为80∶20的组合、复合处理玉米秸与精饲料比例为80∶20的组合以及复合处理玉米秸与苜蓿的最优组合(80∶20)与精饲料比例为60∶40的组合为最佳组合。

To select the best combinations of complex treatment of maize straw（CM）,alfalfa hay（AH）and concentrate（CC）in dairy cattle dietary,CM and AH,CM and CC,the best combination and CC which was selected from combinations of CM and AH,the above combinations were formulated with different proportion in this experiment,followed by 0：100,20：80,40：60,60：40,80：20,100：0.The pH,NH3-N,MCP and VFA concentration of different combinations were determined by short-term artificial rumen technique.The results showed that：there were no significant effect in rumen pH（P0.05）among different combinations;the significant effects occurred in NH3-N（P0.05 or P0.01）,but they were in the normal range;on MCP,CM-AH and CM-CC with the proportion of 80/20 were significantly higher than other combinations（P0.01）,the best combination of CM-AH（80/20） and CC with the proportion of 60/40 was significantly higher than other combinations（P0.01 or P0.05）.On acetic and TVFA concentration,both CM-AH,and CM-CC with the proportion of 60/40 and 80/20 were significantly higher than other combinations（P0.01 or P0.05）;the best combination of CM-AH（80/20）and CC with the proportion of 60/40 and 80/20 was significantly higher than other combinations on Acetic and TVFA concentration（P0.01）;the acetic/propylic of above combinations were all in normal range（except 80 % ~ 100 % CC）.In this experiment,CM and AH with the proportion of 80/20,CM and CC with the proportion of 80/20,the best combination of CM-AH（80/20）and CC with proportion of 60/40 combinations were the best.