成人提问条件下5岁儿童解决数量守恒问题使用策略的研究

A Study on Strategies 5-year-old Children Use in Their Solving Quantitative Conservation on the Condition of Adult Questioning

本研究以64名5岁儿童为被试，在儿童解决数量守恒问题的过程中，成人分别通过两种不同模式的提问和两种不同认知水平的提问予以干预，以考察儿童解决数量守恒问题时的策略使用状况。结果表明：（1）5岁儿童解决数量守恒问题的主要策略是目测。（2）5岁儿童已经具备一些解决数量守恒问题的认知策略，但对这些策略的认识不明确。（3）5岁儿童存在“策略利用缺陷”。（4）5岁儿童尚不能有效使用策略解决数量守恒问题。（5）成人提问的模式和认知水平在一定程度上影响5岁儿童对策略的使用。

64 5-year-old children were selected as subjects to solve quantitative conservation problems. During the process two modes and two cognitive levels of adult questioning were inserted as intervention to investigate and explore what strategies those children would use to solve those problems. The results are as following： （1）the main strategy 5-year-old children used is eyeballing; （2）the children already had some cognitive strategies to solve the quantitative conservation, but those strategies were not clearly understood; （3）there are ＂defects in using strategies＂; （4） those children could not effectively use strategies to solve the quantitative conservation; （5）both the questioning mode and cognitive levels of questioning had some effects on the preschool children＇ s strategies.