“精神的力量”:论甘地非暴力反抗运动的理论基础

Satyagraha:the Theoretic Base of Mahatma Gandhi’Nonviolent Resistance Movement

印度圣雄甘地成功地将非暴力由个人信仰提升为一种可行的社会政治变革方式。其哲学基础在于坚持"精神的力量"的理论,以人类的精神力量取代物化的或暴力的力量,作为社会政治变革的基础。其要旨在于通过提升抗争者的道德品质和对非暴力信仰的恪守,既反抗"非真"(或不正义),又坚持不伤害、攻击对手,从而通过受苦、纯洁、友善等美德,呼唤群体共同感,激发各方良知,感化对手,最终实现正义。

Mahatma Gandhi had succeeded in promoting the non-violence into an effective means of social-political transformation from personal belief. The theoretic base of his movement is Satyagraha, which regards the soul power, rather than the physical power, as the major power of the social-political reform. Arming the resistant themselves with the virtues of non-violence, bravery, good-will, charity, purification, etc, with the practical forms of non-violent resistance, they can not only resist the evil uncompromisingly unto the last, but also recall the common sense of the community, and inspire the conscience of the human nature, then convert their opponents and thus make justice into force.