美国高校通识教育课程发展现状、特点及其存在问题

The Development of General Education Curriculums in American Universities and Their Problems

通识教育课程是美国高校本科教育中不可缺少的重要组成部分。美国高校实施通识教育的类型虽然多种多样,但其课程目标明确,课程设置主要以人文社会科学为重心、注重全球视野与课程国际化。美国高校的通识教育课程始终处在变革中,目前主要存在课程的个性与共性孰轻孰重、课程连贯性缺失以及与专业课程之间有难以调和的张力等问题。

General education has become an indispensable and important part of American undergraduate education. Based on different philosophical foundation, there are different implementation types of general education. The general education curriculum objective is clear, and it focuses on the humanities and social sciences, focusing on the global perspective and curriculum internationalization. General education curriculum is always in change. There are some problems in the current general education curriculum, such as the importance of individuality and commonality, the lack of coherence in general education courses, as well as the tension between general education courses and specialized courses.