玉米多穗现象研究进展

Research Progress on Prolificacy in Maize

多穗是玉米果穗在形成过程中受遗传和环境双重影响而异常发育的现象,分为分蘖多穗和单秆多穗,其中单秆多穗又分为多节多穗和一节多穗。对双穗遗传研究证明,多穗性状为隐性遗传,由基因的累加效应即多基因控制,属于数量性状遗传范畴。密度、氮素营养胁迫、温度、水分和光照以及玉米螟、蚜虫、玉米叶斑病等危害都会影响玉米果穗数量。大量培育优良玉米种质资源及混合选种可能是造成玉米雌穗异常发育的原因之一。一节多穗的出现跟环境密切相关,密度越大、播期越晚,多穗率越高,高温干旱、拔节期水肥过多、激素调控也是形成一节多穗的重要原因。因此,构建稳定的多节多穗和一节多穗遗传群体,通过分子标记等技术,确定控制该性状的基因,不仅可以在分子水平揭示该现象,还可用于辅助育种。

Prolificacy, an abnormal phenomenon in the formation of the maize ear, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, divided into the prolificacy of tilling and prolificacy of single stem, the latter has two types： pro- lificacy of poly-node and prolificacy of one node. In this paper, the causes of prolificacy of poly-node are summarized re thernanticr nmareealt2hA edtoarz Td physiology in the development of the ear, and the causes of the one node formation are also discussed on that basis.