士风、学风、藏书风转变造就的文学奇观——明代中后期文言小说汇编繁盛原因新探

A New Perspective on the Causes of Compiling Classic Chinese Stories' Flourishing in the Mid-Late Ming Period

明代中后期,文言小说汇编非常繁盛,蔚为奇观。在其背后,当时出版业发达、小说阅读群体扩大等外在的推力固不可否认,但深层的内驱力更为重要:明中叶以降,士风转向,由"得君行道"转向开拓社会文化空间,汇编小说是许多士人发挥政治主体性的一种方式;学风转变,由独尊宋学转向博学明道,明道致用,诸子学复兴作为其中重要一脉,为小说的繁盛提供了直接契机;私人藏书观念逐渐开放,从"以秘惜为藏"转变到"以传布为藏",许多藏书家乐于将所藏珍本秘笈寿之枣梨,传布于世,其中包括大量小说作品。更有一些藏书家,开放自己藏书,慷慨支持他人的小说编纂事业。凡此种种,共同造就了明代中后期文言小说汇编繁盛的奇观。

It had been very prosperous to compile the classical Chinese novels in the mid-late Ming period,for which there are many extrinsic thrusts such as the publishing industry developed,and novel reading groups expanded,however,the deep internal driving forces are more important.For example,the compilation of the novel had been a way to of many scholars playing political subjectivity from the middle Ming period;the study style transformation provided a direct opportunity for the flourishing of the novel;many bibliophiles would be happy to publish their rare books to the world,including a large number of works of fiction.Some bibliophiles opened their books to support others＇ novel codification.Above all are the reasons to create the prosperous spectacle of classical Chinese novel compilation during the mid-late Ming period.