我国城市住宅室内空气挥发性有机物污染特征

Characteristics of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban Residential Microenvironments in China

通过调研1990年以来我国城市住宅室内空气污染的研究资料,提炼城市住宅室内空气中挥发性有机物的浓度数据,总结甲醛、苯系物等常见住宅室内挥发性有机物的污染水平和分布规律,并且对主要由装修引起的污染物浓度与装修时间的关系进行了探讨.分析发现,我国城市居民住宅室内普遍呈现以甲醛、苯、二甲苯等污染物为主的装修型污染,甲醛是首要污染物,ρ(甲醛)平均值为0.05～0.61 mg/m3,ρ(苯)、ρ(甲苯)、ρ(二甲苯)、ρ(乙苯)和ρ(TVOC)平均值分别为0.001～0.134、0.003～0.645、0.001～1.012、0.001～0.091和0.11～1.81 mg/m3.新装修住宅室内空气中各种污染物均呈现较高的浓度水平,除甲醛外,其他挥发性有机物随着竣工时间的推移而快速下降.

By reviewing studies over the last two decades on the characteristics of indoor volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in urban dwellings in China, the concentrations of indoor VOCs were examined. Furthermore, the pollution levels and distribution pattern of VOCs were summarized, and the relationships between renovation timing and concentrations of specific pollutants were discussed. It was found that formaldehyde, benzene and xylene, were the main pollutants in urban residential microenvironments in China. The mean concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and TVOC were 0. 05-0.61, 0. 001-0. 134, O. 003-0. 645, 0. 001-1. 012, 0. 001-0. 091, and 0.11-1.81 mg/m^3 , respectively. Concentrations of almost all the identified pollutants were significantly higher in newly renovated apartments, and, with the exception of formaldehyde, the concentrations of all the other VOCs decreased rapidly as the amount of time after renovation increased.