云南野生茶树的地理分布及形态多样性

Geographic Distribution and Morphological Diversity of Wild Tea Germplasms from Yunnan

云南是世界茶树的原产地和起源中心,茶树种质资源种类众多,遗传多样性丰富,在茶学研究中占有非常重要地位。通过野外调查与文献资料的整理,对云南野生茶树资源的地理分布和形态多样性进行了调查,结果显示:(1)野生茶树在云南分布广泛,主要集中在西双版纳、普洱、保山等8个地区;(2)野生茶树与栽培茶树在形态上有明显差异;(3)云南野生茶树在形态分类上有22个种和2个变种,野生茶树呈现丰富形态多样性;(4)生境破坏是导致野生茶树数量锐减的主要原因,建议今后应加强珍稀濒危野生茶树种质的调查、收集保存、生态型及遗传多样性的研究和利用,为促进茶树新品种选育及茶产业可持续发展提供丰富的资源技术基础。

Yunnan area is the center of tea origination with abundant in tea germplasm resources enriching the genetic diversity,which plays in an important role in tea research.In this paper,according to the field investigation and document literature collection,the geographic distribution and morphological diversity of Yunnan wild tea resources were systematically illustrated and investigated.The results showed that：（1） wild tea plants spreads widely in Yunnan,and they were distributed mainly in eight areas,including Xishuangbanna,Pu＇er,Baoshan and so on.（2） Wild tea trees and cultivated tea trees usually differed markedly in morphology.（3） There lay 22 species and 2 varieties among wild tea plants,which demonstrated abundant morphological diversity.（4） Ecology destroy was the main causation which resulted in population depression of wild tea plants.So,some suggestions about Yunnan wild tea germplasms were put forward,including the exploration,collection conservation,protection,researches of bionomics and genetic diversity of rare and wild tea germplasms,which will promote the selection for new tea improved cultivars and provide a good material and technical basis for the sustainable development of tea industry.