麻风树籽制取生物柴油的生命周期风险指数评价

Risk Index Assessment of the Life Cycle of Making Biodiesel from Jatropha Seed

采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,建立了以温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)排放风险指数(GI),酸性气体(SO2、NOx)排放风险指数(SI)、颗粒物排放风险指数(PI)和生态系统服务功能风险指数(ES)为指标的生物柴油风险指数评价方法,并通过麻风树籽制取生物柴油为案例进行了计算。结果表明,1MJ生物柴油生命周期全过程(包括种植过程、运输过程、生产过程、使用过程)中的温室气体的排放量比1MJ石化柴油减少了40%,酸性气体和颗粒物的排放量分别是1MJ石化柴油的2.65和3.11倍,种植麻风树所带来的生态系统服务功能价值是一般林地的1.42倍。其中,生物柴油酸性气体和颗粒物排放的增加量主要来自于生产过程,分别是石化柴油的8.44和12.79倍;生态系统服务功能价值的增加主要来自于产品供给和土壤保肥价值,分别增加了4.0和6.1倍。综合考虑,以麻风树为原料制取生物柴油对环境的影响较为严重,但是可带来生态系统服务功能价值的增加。

With the method of Life Cycle Assessment（LCA）,and a method of risk index assessment of biodiesel was built,which included index of greenhouse gas（CO2,CH4 and N2O）,acidic gas（SO2 and NOx）,particulate matter and ecosystem services.And then the method was studied with an instance of biodiesel making from Jatropha seeds.The conclusions of the study indicated that the greenhouse gas emission of 1MJ biodiesel was 40% fewer than that of 1MJ petroleum diesel throughout the life cycle,but the acidic gas and particulate matter emission was 2.65 times and 3.10 times respectively than that of petroleum diesel.The ecosystem services value brought by planting Jatropha was 1.42 times of general forest land.The increased amount of acidic gas and particulate matter emission from biodiesel mainly came from the production process,which was 8.44 times and 12.79 times more than that of petroleum diesel respectively,and the increased ecosystem services value mainly came from products supply and soil protecting fertilizer value,which increased by 4.0 times and 6.1 times respectively.Considering comprehensively,making biodiesel from Jadropha seed has a serious impact on the environment,on the other hand,it could bring more ecosystem service value.