辽宁省6种主要农作物2005～2010年度的比较优势分析

Analysis on the Comparative Advantage of Six Main Crops in Liaoning Province during 2005-2010

运用改进的综合比较优势指数法,对辽宁省2005～2010年的6种主要农作物的种植规模、效率、效益和综合4个比较优势指数进行分析,结果表明在辽宁省6种主要农作物种植中,玉米和花生都具有综合比较优势,玉米综合优势指数、效率优势指数和规模优势指数都高于全国平均水平,但效益优势指数小于1;花生综合优势和规模优势均大于全国平均水平,但效率指数和效益指数低于全国平均水平;大豆综合优势指数低于或接近全国平均水平,而它的效率指数和效益指数都高于全国平均水平,主要是规模指数太小;甜菜和棉花同样不具备比较优势,综合比较优势指数小于1;棉花虽然效率优势大于全国平均水平,但棉花的规模呈极端劣势,也说明种植规模太小;烤烟规模优势指数变化不大,但效率优势指数变化很大,说明烤烟种植风险很大,不宜多种。在此基础上提出适合辽宁省农业发展水平的政策建议:①鼓励和扩大具有综合比较优势的经济作物玉米、花生的生产;②由于棉花的单位面积的产量高于平均水平,所以可以适当扩大棉花的生产规模;③烤烟的种植风险较高,不宜种植;④大豆是东北的优势传统农作物,所以效率和效益指数都高于全国平均水平,关键是规模优势太小,应该大量扩大大豆的生产面积;⑤缺乏比较优势的甜菜,可以适量调减种植面积,用于调节自然资源配置而加以种植。

By using the comparative advantage index method,the six main crops in Liaoning Province during 2005-2010 were analyzed from four aspects,namely,the scale advantage,efficiency advantage,benefits advantage and comprehensive advantage.As indicated by the results,of the six main crops,maize and peanut showed comprehensive comparative advantages,and the comprehensive advantage index,efficiency advantage index and scale advantage index of maize were all above the national average level,but its benefits advantage index was below 1;the comprehensive advantage and scale advantage of peanut were all above the national average level,but its efficiency index and benefits index were all below the national level;the comprehensive advantage index of soybean was below or close to the national average level,and its efficiency index and benefits index were all above the national average level,but its scale index was too small;sugarbeet and cotton did not have comparative advantages,their comprehensive comparative index was all below 1;although the efficiency advantage of cotton was above national average level,its scale index was in an extreme bad situation;the scale advantages of tobacco changed little,but the efficiency advantages changed greatly,indicating that there are great risks to plant tobaccos.On this basis,some policies and suggestions were proposed for the agricultural development of Liaoning Province.Firstly,we should encourage and expand the planting of some economic crops,such as maize and peanut which have great comparative advantages;secondly,the planting scale of cotton can be appropriately expanded due to its higher yield;thirdly,tobaccos are not suitable to be planted due to its high risks;fourthly,soybean is the advantageous crop in Northeast China,its efficiency and benefits indexes are all above the national average level,thus we should expand its planting area;lastly,the sugarbeet with a lack of advantages can be appropriately planted for adjusting the distribution of natural resources.