考察转基因农业模式的两种视角——以印度Bt棉争议为例

Two Points of View on Model of Transgenie Farming: Focused on the Controversy on Bt Cotton in India

印度自2002年正式批准转基因Bt棉商业化种植,十年来其所引起的争议几乎从未停止过。本文以印度Bt棉争议为例,对争议中反映出的两种考察视角以及二者之间的主要分歧做出分析。本文认为,与大多数新品种(尤其是外来品种)的引进一样,转基因农作物的商业化种植并不只是品种替换的问题,更是一种农业经营方式的更替乃至经济秩序的重建。在这一过程中,Bt棉种子所扮演的角色是生物技术跨国公司在贸易自由化与全球化背景下藉以实现资本增值的工具,这也正是导致印度农民悲剧的原因。

Bt cotton has caused incessant controversies since it has been authorized to be commercially planted in India in 2002.Focusing on the controversies, this paper analyzes two main points of view and the major differences between them.Like most otherintroduction of new varieties, the commercial planting of GM crops not only means the replacement of one variety for another, but itis more an innovation of agricultural working mode and even a reconstruction of economic order.In this course, the role which theseed of Bt cotton plays is the tool by which biotechnological multinationals realize capital appreciation in the context of globalizationand trade liberalization.This is the very cause of the tragedy which cotton farmers experience in India.