阿尔特霍夫体系述评——大工业时代的德国大学和科学政策

Review of the Althoff System: German Universities and the Policies of Science Research in the Epoch of Big Industry

1882年至1907年间,阿尔特霍夫是普鲁士文化部主管高校的官员。在他的指引之下,普鲁士大学进行了一些改革。另外,一些国家研究所也建立起来。他还是威廉皇帝学会的最早发起者。这些改革措施被人们称为"阿尔特霍夫体系"。本文介绍了阿尔特霍夫体系的内容、人们对它的评价,并结合当时普鲁士权力结构探讨了这一体系形成的原因和所存在的问题。

During 1882-1907 Althoff was an official of the Prussian Ministry of Culture who was in charge of matters of universities.Under hisguidance, some reforms took place in Prussian universities.Furthermore with his push some state institutions of research were founded.Additionallyhe was the initiator of Kaiser Wilhelm Society.These measures are called 'the Althoff System'.In this paper the author introduces the content of theAlthoff System and the criticism of it, and discusses its causes and problems in the context of the Prussian structure of political power.