政治话语权下的国防科技政策——以美国“星球大战”计划的出台为例

Science and Technology Policies of National Defense Under the Political Discourse Right:A Case Study of the Coming out of US SDI

科技政策的核心问题是科技与政治的关系问题。本文以美国"星球大战"计划出台始末为例,在援引皮尔克的"堕胎政治"和"龙卷风政治"等概念的基础上,对这一问题从历史角度进行深入考察,指出国防科技政策的政治化集中体现在科研成果的解读权让位于政治、国防科技"需求"来源于政治需要,以及国防科技政策脱胎于现有的"国家战略"三个方面。得出结论:就美国而言,任何国防科技政策,都不可避免地具有政治属性,但是,究竟遵循科技优先还是政治优先的原则,则很大程度上取决于具体的政治情境。

The core concern of science and technology policies is the relationship between politics and science and technology.This papertakes the whole story of US 'Star Wars' plan as an example.On the basis of the concepts of Pielke's Abortion politics and Tornado politics, theauthor makes a deep exploration into this concern from the angle of history, pointing out that the politicization of science and technology policiesof national defense fully embodies the replacement of scientific fruits by politics; the needs of national defense technology come from politicalneeds; and science and technology policies of national defense are the results of current national strategies.Our conclusion is, as far as America isconcerned, any science and technology policies of national defense have political attributes.However, which of the two, science and technologyor politics, takes the priority? This will in a great extent depend on the immediate political environment of these policies.