土地伦理:生态整体主义的思想先声——奥尔多·利奥波德及其环境伦理思想评介

Land Ethic,The Thought Harbinger of Ecological Holism:Aldo Leopold and the Thought Review of His Environmental Ethics

利奥波德是美国著名环境保护主义者和环境保护的思想先驱,被誉为"保护野生生物之父"、"美国野生生物管理之父"、"美国的先知"和"一个热心的观察家,敏锐的思想家"。在美国国策制定和为创建20世纪美国的两个新专业──林学和野生动物管理学上卓有建树;在环境伦理学和生态思想史等领域声誉显赫。《沙乡年鉴》是其一生观察、经历和思考的自然随笔和环境哲学智慧结晶,特别是其中的《土地伦理》成为现代环境伦理学的经典之作。生态整体主义思想由利氏首先倡导并发展完善为当代生态主义的核心价值理念,在人类生态思想史上产生广泛而深远的影响。

As a famous environment protector and a thought herald of environmental protection in America, Aldo Leopold isknown as 'the father of the wildlife protection', 'the father of American wildlife management', 'America's prophets', and awarm-hearted observer.He has accomplished much in two new professions in the 20th century——forestry and wildlife management.Meanwhile he has eminent reputation in environmental ethics and the history of ecological ideas.A Sand County Almanac is aspontaneous overflow of his life-long observation, experience and thinking, and also the wisdom crystallization of his environmentalphilosophy, especially 'The Land Ethic', a chapter of A Sand County Almanac, which has become the classic of modernenvironmental ethics.Leopold's most important contribution is his initiation of ecological holism, which forms the core ideology ofmodern ecologism, which has an extensive and far-reaching impact on the history of human ecological thought.