不同灌溉方式对寒地粳稻农艺性状及产量的影响

The Effects of Irrigation Methods on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Japonica Rice in Cold Region

以负压式土壤湿度计监测土壤水势,以常规灌溉方式为对照,研究了4种灌溉方式(轻干湿交替灌溉、中干湿交替灌溉、重干湿交替灌溉和旱作)对寒地粳稻农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:与常规灌溉相比,4种灌溉方式随土壤水势降低越大,稻株的株高、叶面积、分蘖数和成穗率等降低的幅度越大;5种灌溉方式下乳熟末期的株高、每穴分蘖数、高效叶面积之间均有极显著差异;产量以对照最高,其次是轻干湿交替灌溉,对照与其他灌溉方式均有极显著差异,而轻干湿交替灌溉与中干湿交替灌溉之间无显著差异。因此,从节水角度来说,可以采用轻干湿交替和中干湿交替的灌溉方式种植寒地粳稻。

Using conventional irrigation methods as the control, the effects of four irrigation methods （ mild wet-dry rotation irrigation, moderate wet-dry rotation irrigation, severe wet-dry rotation irrigation and aerobic cultivation）on the yield and agronomic traits of japonica rice were studied in cold region with a negative pressure type soil moisture meter for monitoring soil water potential. The results showed that ： comparing with conventional irrigation, the plant height, leaf area, the number of tillers and bearing tiller amplitude decreased with the decreasing of the soil water potential of in other four irrigation methods;there were significant difference （P 〈 O. O1 ）among the plant height, effi- cient leaf area and the number of tillers per hole in late milk stage under five irrigation methods;The yield of the control was the highest, and followed by that of mild wet-dry rotation irrigation, there was significant difference（P 〈 0.01 ）between the control and other irrigation methods, but there was no significant difference between mild wet-dry rotation irrigation and moderate wet-dry rotation irrigation. In view of water-saving, the optimum irrigation methods were mild wet-dry rotation irrigation and moderate wet-dry rotation irrigation for japonica rice in cold region.