古代日本的都城与律令制国家——以东、西市为中心的考察

Capitals and Ritsuryo System of Ancient Japan:Centering on East and West Markets

市是古代日本都城不可或缺的重要组成部分。古代日本为了保证市的正常运行与公平交易,对市的开放时间以及商品的度量、质量与物价等做了严格的规定。以"钱"为媒介,东、西市既保证了中央官司正常执行公务,同时也满足了官人阶层对生活必需品与奢侈品的需求。以东、西市为中心形成的全国性的流通体系,不仅促进了都城与周边地区的交流与联系,而且确保和强化了律令制国家的中央集权以及中央政府对全国的统治。

Market is an important part of the capital in ancient Japan. In order to ensure the normal operation of the market and fair trade, ancient Japan had strict rules for the opening hours of markets and the measurement, quality and price of the goods. With money as a medium, east and west markets ensured the central government normal official duties and also contented the officials＇ life demand for the necessities and the luxuries. The formation of the national circulation system, centering on east and west markets, not only promoted the exchange and contact between the capital and surrounding areas, but also ensured and strengthened the centralization of Ritsuryo system and domination of central government.