从预设看两种类型的“(是)……的”句及其时体特征

Two kinds of(shì)…de Sentence and Their Temporal-aspectual Features Viewed from the Point of Presupposition

根据"(是)……的"句所触发的焦点结构的差异,本文将其分为语义预设句和语用预设句两种类型。前者包含对比性的焦点,预设在否定情况下保留;而后者不包含对比性焦点,预设只是保证句子合适的适宜条件。在语义预设句中,"是"字是一个逻辑算子,它约束的焦点变量不能位于体助词的范域之内;而在语用预设句中,"(是)……的"只是一种加强肯定的语用手段,不影响句子的命题意义。本研究能够对"(是)……的"句内部的功能差异及其时体特征做出较好的解释。

Based on the differences of focuses they cause in structure, this paper specifies two kinds of （shi）…de（是…的） sentence, namely, that of semantic presupposition and that of pragmatic presupposition. A contrastive focus is present in the first whose presupposition remains in the negative form while no pragmatic focus is present in the second whose presupposition is but a prerequisite condition to ensure the appropriateness of the sentence. In the first kind, shi（是） is a logic operator and the focus variable it binds can not be positioned within the domain of the aspectual particle le（了）. In the second kind, the （shi）…de structure is just a pragmatic means to intensifies the tone of confirmation without changing the meaning of the proposition. This distinction can explain the differences in function and the temporal-aspectual features of the two kind of （shi）…de sentence.