“声音”义素对汉语词汇系统的影响

The Role of the Sound-sememe in Chinese Lexical System

与英语相比,汉语中少见词义结构中含有"声音"义素的词汇。这是因为,汉语中"声音"的表现是通过原始的描摹手段完成的,而汉语"类—象"分离的语言文化心理,习惯把"声音"看作一种单独的样态,是相对独立于事物和动作/活动过程的。这不仅使"声音"很少被词化进词义结构,也使句法表达受到影响,声音一般通过"……声/的声音""AA地""A地一声"等方式来表现,始终出现在事件结构的外围。

In Chinese, not like in English, there are scarcely words containing a sound - sememe, in their semantic structures. The reason is that sounds are described by means of imita- tion, which is decided by the Chinese cultural mentality of separating ＇ categories＇ from their properties, i.e. sounds are considered as an isolated state independent of the process of any mat- ter or action. Further, this phenomenon influences syntactic expression, because sound imitation is not involved in lexical structures.