模拟生态浮床种植6种水生植物改善水质效果研究

Research on Water Quality Improvement Effect by 6 Kinds of Aquatic Plants on Simulation Ecological Floating Bed

为了研究贵州高原麦西河库湾水质改善生态修复工程示范区内生态浮床适合种植的水生植物,以及水生植物对水质改善的效果,选择水蓼、水芹菜、空心菜、慈菇、菖蒲和美人蕉6种贵州高原常见的水生植物进行室内模拟试验。结果表明,6种水生植物对水体总氮去除率为40.0%～90.9%,总磷去除率为53.1%～87.1%,氨氮和化学需氧量等指标变化也很明显,去除效果均较好;植物的生长情况来看,菖蒲和空心菜的净增生物量最大,水蓼最小;植物的地上部分氮磷含量较高,可以定时收割以转移水中的营养盐。通过对比分析,认为菖蒲和空心菜是比较适合在贵州高原水库和湖泊生态浮床上种植的水生植物。

To investigate which kinds of plants could be suitable to employ on ecological floating bed in the demonstration project of ecological restoration of Maixi River and what was the effect of water quality improvement,6 kinds of common aquatic plants in Guizhou Plateau were chosen to do the tests in the laboratory.The plants included Polygonum hydropiper L.,Oenanthe javanica D.C.,Ipomoea aquatic,Sagittaria sagittifolia L.,Acorus calamus and Carna generalis Bailey.Results showed that the removal rates of total nitrogen using the above plants were ranged from 40.0% to 90.9% and those of total phosphorus were between 53.1% and 87.1%.Other indexes,such as ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand,were also varied obviously and showed well effect of removal.A.calamus and I.aquatic had larger net increase of biomass while P.hydropiper L.had the smallest.The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in overground parts of the plants were higher,thus the nutrient could be transferred from water body by reaping the overground parts.It was recognized that A.calamus and I.aquatic could be appropriate to employ on the ecological floating bed in Guizhou Plateau.