基于展望理论的知识型员工激励机制

Incentive mechanism for knowledge workers based on prospect theory

基于展望理论研究了效用函数,同时利用委托代理理论分别研究了确定性环境和不确定性环境下知识型员工激励机制中奖励与惩罚的特征.研究表明:损失规避心理需要补偿,奖励与惩罚不具有对称性,惩罚优化了风险分担,少罚多奖具有更好的激励效果;员工行动可观测且目标业绩等于知识型员工的能力水平时,可以实现泊累托最优;挑战性目标与惩罚方式相结合的激励机制能促使知识型员工付出更多努力,提高企业产出水平,但惩罚方式也提高了企业的薪酬成本.最后给出了案例分析,论证了在知识型员工的激励实践中,通过设计挑战性目标业绩,同时结合惩罚方式的激励机制,可以利用知识型员工的损失规避心理,产生更好的激励作用.

The utility function based on prospect theory is studied, then using principal-agent theory, the properties of bonus and penalty for knowledge workers under certain and uncertain conditions are discussed, respectively. It is shown that the mind of loss aversion must be compensated; it is not symmetrical between bonus and penalty; penalty can optimize risk sharing; less penalty and more bonus present better incentive effect. The incentive mechanism of challenge object matching penalty can encourage knowledge workers to work harder and improve output, however, penalty also increa- ses the cost of compensation. Finally, a case analysis is presented. In the motivation practice of knowledge workers, designing a challenge object in combination with penalty by using the loss aversion of knowledge workers can produce better incentive effect.