新生儿医院感染特点与危险因素

Risk factors and characteristics of nosocomial infections in neonates

目的探讨新生儿医院感染特点和危险因素。方法采用目标性监测方法,对2007年1月-2010年12月入住新生儿病房的6699例患儿进行监测。结果 4年共监测新生儿6699例,发生医院感染146例,感染率2.18%;监测以新生儿病房搬迁前医院感染率较高;感染部位以呼吸道为主,占50.00%,其次为皮肤黏膜占19.18%,口腔占10.27%,胃肠道占7.54%,其他占13.01%;新生儿医院感染易感因素主要与新生儿的出生体重、住院天数、有侵入性操作及使用抗菌药物有关。结论空气及环境污染致呼吸道感染率高是医院感染特点;低体重儿、住院天数长、不合理使用抗菌药物以及侵入性操作是新生儿医院感染的危险因素。

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for hospital-acquired infections in neonates and the characteristics.METHODS By the means of targeted monitoring,the clinical data of 6699 hospitalized neonates from Jan 2007 and Dec 2010 were reviewed.RESULTS Among 6699 hospitalized neonates who were monitored during 4 years,nosocomial infections occurred in 146 cases with the infection rate of 2.18%;the infection rate of the neonates before transfer to another ward;respiratory tract was the major site with infections,accounting for 50.00%,followed by skin mucous membrane infections（19.18%）,mucosa of oral cavity infections（10.27%）,gastrointestinal tract infections（7.54%） and others（13.01%）;the main risk factors for hospital-acquired infections included the low birth weight,long hospital stay,invasive operation and the use of antibiotics.CONCLUSION The environmental and air pollution may cause the high incidence of respiratory tract infection,which is the character of nosocomial infections;low birth weight,prolonged hospitalization,irrational use of antibiotics and invasive operation are the main risk factors for hospital-acquired infections.