论异地侵权行为法律适用中的受害人权益之保护

The Protection of the Victim in the Applicable Law of the "Distanzdelikt"

异地侵权责任的准据法确定必须重视对受害人权益的保护,但如何实现历来是一个难题。对此,我国刚刚生效的涉外民事关系法律适用法无论是一般规定还是侵权行为的相关规定都未作任何规定。因此显然有必要对新法的相关规定予以修订。而各国的确定异地侵权行为准据法的立法例大致可分为侵权行为实施地、侵害结果发生地及偏在理论等三种方式。由于过度强调加害人的利益,第一种方式不宜采用。而由于兼顾对受害人权益和当事人双方预见可能性的保护,侵害结果发生地的方式显然更为合理。因此,在很难大幅扩充特殊侵权责任单独规定的情况下,法律适用法第44条前半部分宜转采以侵害结果发生地为系属的准据法确定方式。

The applicable law of the ＂Distanzdelikt＂ must pay attention to the protection of the victim,but how to achieve it is always a difficult problem.In this regard,in China,there is nothing about ＂The Law of the Application of Law for Foreign related Civil Relation＂.Therefore there is urgent need for law revision.There are about there types,namely principle of the place of act,principle of the place of direct damages,＂Ubiquittslehre＂.Due to the excessive emphasis on the tortfeasor＇s interests,the first one should not be adopted.And because to give consideration to both the victims＇ rights and the foreseeability of the both parties the principle of the place of direct damages is clearly more reasonable.