锦州市大学生膳食中镉摄入量调查及安全性评价

Determination and safety evaluation of cadmium intakes in college students by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

目的了解辽宁省锦州市在校大学生膳食中镉的污染状况及食用安全性。方法分层随机采集12类食物样品,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中镉的含量,并结合大学生膳食调查中各类食物的消费量,估算其膳食中镉的实际摄入量,与世界卫生组织(WHO)/联合国粮农组织(FAO)食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的暂定每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI)相比较,评价大学生膳食中镉摄入量的安全性。结果在12类膳食中镉平均含量较高的是水产类和肉类,分别为0.131mg/kg和0.109mg/kg;大学生膳食中镉的主要摄入来源为水产品、肉、蔬菜和谷类,分别占每日总镉摄入量的34.08%、24.02%、17.32%和17.32%;镉摄入量的平均值和中位数值均低于PTMI值,在人体可耐受范围之内,但P97.5值超过PTMI值12.4%。结论大学生膳食中镉的摄入量相对安全,但大量摄入含镉量较多的食物仍存在潜在危害,因此有必要降低高镉食物摄入量。

Abstract：Objective To investigate the cadmium pollution and safety in dietary of students in Jinzhou, and to provide scientific basis for rational diet. Methods The twelve kinds of foods were collected randomly. The contents of cadmium were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry （GFAAS）. The intake level of cadmium in diet was calculated and evaluated by comparing to provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） recommended by WHO/FAO and assessed safety of cadmium intakes in diet of students. Results The contents of cadmium in aquatic products and meats were 0. 131 and 0. 109mg/kg respectively. The main sauces of cadmium were aquatic products, meats, vegetables and cereals, they were 34.08%, 24.02%, 17.32% and 17.32% of daily cadmium intakes respectively. The average intake and median intake were lower than PTMI, but percentile 97.5 was 12.4% of PTMI. Conclusion The intakes of cadmium in diet of students were relative safety, but eating to much was also dangerous, so necessary to reduce intake.