北京市居民饮用水中16种金属元素暴露水平

Exposure level of 16 metal elements in drinking water in Beijing

目的了解北京市居民饮用水中16种金属元素(铅Pb、镉Cd、铜Cu、锌Zn、铁Fe、锰Mn、镍Ni、银Ag、锑Sb、硒Se、铝Al、钡Ba、铍Be、铊Tl、钼Mo和钠Na)暴露水平。方法采用多阶段整群抽样设计,在北京市18个区县随机抽取5个区的270户,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对枯水期、丰水期居民饮用水中16种金属指标进行监测。结果居民饮用水中16种元素的暴露水平由低到高可以分为3层:Ag、Cd、Sb、Be和Tl暴露水平为:未检出～0.083μg/L,Mo、Pb、Ni和Se暴露水平为:0.06～100μg/L,Cu、Al、Zn、Mn、Fe、Na和Ba暴露水平为:0.00036～6.579mg/L。统计表明,11种元素(Pb、Se、Mo、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Al、Ba、Fe和Na)暴露水平枯水期明显高于丰水期(P<0.05),以《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749—2006中的标准值为评价标准,枯水期Na、Al、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ba、Pb、Se的合格率为87.4%～98.9%;丰水期Mn、Ni、Zn、Fe、Pb和Se的合格率为95.2%～99.6%,其他元素合格率为100%。来自市政水源的饮用水中8种元素(Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、Ba、Fe和Na)的暴露水平明显低于来自自备水源的饮用水(P<0.05)。结论北京市居民饮用水中16种金属元素总体处于低暴露水平,大部分指标市政供水好于自备水源供水。

Objective To investigate the exposure level of 16 metal elements （Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ni, Ag, Sb,Se,A1, Ba, Be,T1, Mo and Na） in drinking water for residents in Beijing. Methods To monitor 16 elements in drinking water collected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from 270 families in summer and winter and detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 COMPLEX SAMPLE. Results The exposure levels from low to high can be divided into three layers. The exposure level for Ag, Cd,Sb, Be and T1 was from not detected to 0. 083p.g/L, for Mo, Ph, Ni and Se was 0. 06 -100 jxg/L , for Cu,A1,Zn, Mn, Fe, Na and Ba was 0. 00036-6. 579mg/L. The exposure level of 11 elements（Pb,Se,Mo, Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,A1,Ba,Fe, Na） in summer was higher than that in winter. The qualified rate for Na, 98.9%, 93.3%, 95.9%, 87.4% AI, Mn,Zn, Fe, Ba, Pb and Se was 95.6%, 96.7%, 98. 1% and 93.7% in winterrespectively. The qualified rate for Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb and Se was 95.9% ,99.6% , 95.2% ,98. 1% ,96.7% ,98. 1% in summer respectively. The qualified rate for other elements was 100%. Conclusion The qualification of 16 metal elements in drinking water in Beijing were in low exposure levels. Most of indicators in municipal water supply were better than those in self-provided water supply.