基于基尼系数的高职教育生均经费地区配置公平性研究

An Study Based on Education Gini Coefficient on Disparities of Expenditure Per Pupil among Regions in Higher Vocational Education

生均经费支出水平的差异是导致教育区域发展不平衡的重要原因。利用2009年各省(直辖市、自治区)的地方高职院校各项生均经费支出的数据,选择教育基尼系数作为衡量我国高职教育生均经费地区配置公平程度的指标,发现我国高职教育生均预算内教育经费的地区配置明显有违教育公平,生均教育经费的地区配置也有违公平。建议中央政府提高对经济欠发达地区高职教育的转移支付水平,地方政府要制定高职教育各项生均经费支出的拨款标准,创新投融资机制以鼓励社会资本兴办高职教育。

Difference of expenditure per pupil among regions is the important reason of imbalance in regional education development. Based on province level data, this paper uses the Gini Coefficient to measure the degree of equal education in higher vocational education. The result shows that the budget expenditure per pupil among regions is unfair, and there is a certain disparity expenditure per pupil among regions. We suggest that the central government improve the level of transfer payments for higher vocational education in underdeveloped areas, The local government should formulate standards of expenditures per student for higher vocational education, and innovate investment and financing mechanisms to encourage social capital to fund vocational education.