光质对东北次生林生态系统主要树种种子萌发的影响

Effects of light quality on the seed germination of main tree species in a secondary forest ecosystem of Northeast China

以东北次生林生态系统5个主要树种(日本落叶松、黄檗、色木槭、水曲柳和红松)种子为对象,采取室内控制(5个主要树种)和野外模拟(红松和日本落叶松)相结合的方法,研究光质对种子萌发的影响.室内和实际林分下分别设置了4种不同光质类型处理(以黑暗为对照)和3个红光/远红光比值(R/FR)梯度.结果表明:不同光质类型除对日本落叶松种子萌发的影响不显著外,对其他4个树种种子萌发影响均显著.其中,黄檗种子萌发率在白光下达到最高,色木槭、水曲柳和红松种子萌发率在红光-远红光-红光照射下达到最高.林分内试验结果与室内一致,红松种子萌发率随林内R/FR下降而明显下降,落叶松种子萌发则不受光质的影响.在自然林分条件下,R/FR随着光斑活动不断变化,色木槭、水曲柳和红松种子萌发格局可能是对森林光斑环境适应的结果.大粒种子萌发显著受光质的影响.

This paper explored the effects of light quality on the seed germination of five dominant tree species （Larix kaempferi,Phellodendron amurense,Acer mono,Fraxinus mandshurica,and Pinus koraiensis） in a secondary forest ecosystem of Northeast China,based on the experiments with the seeds of the five tree species in laboratory and those of the P.koraiensis and L.kaempferi in the field.Four treatments of different light quality were designed in laboratory （taking dark as the control）,and three treatments of R/FR （the ratio of red light and far red light intensity） were installed in the field.The laboratory experiment showed that light quality had less effect on the seed germination of L.kaempferi,but the seed germination rates of the other four tree species were significantly different under the treatments of different light quality.P.amurense had the highest seed germination rate under white light,whereas A.mono,F.mandshurica,and P.koraiensis had the highest one under the alternative irradiation with red light and far red light （R-FR-R）.In consistence with the results in laboratory,the seed germination rate of P.koraiensis in the field decreased with decreasing R/FR ratio,while that of L.kaempferi was less affected.Under natural condition,the R-FR-R fluctuated with the activity of sun-fleck,and the seed germination patterns of A.mono,F.mandshurica,and P.koraiensis could be the adaptation to the sun-fleck environment in forest stand.The germination of large seeds was significantly affected by light quality.