秦岭太白山区6种中草药根际与非根际土壤化学性质及酶活性

Chemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under six Chinese herbal medicines on Mt.Taibai of Qinling Mountains,Northwest China

以秦岭太白山区不同生境下鹿蹄草、三尖杉、玉竹、银露梅、珠芽蓼和金露梅6种中草药为对象,研究其根际与非根际土壤的化学性质及酶活性.结果表明:6种中草药根际土壤的有机质、全氮、有效氮、有效磷含量和阳离子交换量(CEC)均高于非根际土壤,呈现明显的根际聚集现象;土壤酶活性总体上表现出根际较强的特性;土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量与中性磷酸酶呈显著正相关;土壤CEC与中性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶均呈显著正相关.6种中草药非根际土壤的有机质、全氮与脲酶、过氧化氢酶和中性磷酸酶均呈显著正相关;土壤CEC与脲酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶均呈显著正相关.根际土壤肥力水平综合得分总体上大于非根际土壤.其中,金露梅、珠芽蓼和银露梅的根际与非根际土壤肥力水平综合得分较高,而鹿蹄草、玉竹和三尖杉得分较低.土壤有机质和CEC在评价6种中草药根际与非根际土壤肥力中起重要作用,而中性磷酸酶是首选土壤酶指标.

This paper studied the chemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in different habitats of six Chinese herbal medicines,including Pyrola decorata,Cephalotaxus fortunei,Polygonatum odoratum,Potentilla glabra,Polygonum viviparum,and Potentilla fruticosa,on the Mt.Taibai of Qinling Mountains.In the rhizosphere soils of the herbs,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus and the soil cation exchange capacity （CEC） were higher,presenting an obvious rhizosphere aggregation,and the soil enzyme activities also showed an overall stronger characteristics,compared with those in non-rhizosphere soils.The soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus contents in the rhizosphere soils had significant positive correlations with soil neutral phosphatase activity,and the soil CEC had significant positive correlations with the activities of soil neutral phosphatase and acid phosphatase.In the non-rhizosphere soils,the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents had significant positive correlations with the activities of soil urease,catalase and neutral phosphatase,and the soil CEC showed a significant positive correlation with the activities of soil urease,catalase,neutral phosphatase and acid phosphatase.The comprehensive fertility level of the rhizosphere soils was higher than that of the non-rhizosphere soils,and the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of P.fruticosa,P.viviparum,and P.glabra had higher comprehensive fertility level than those of P.decorata,P.odoratum and C.fortunei.In the evaluation of the fertility levels of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under the six Chinese herbal medicines,soil organic matter content and CEC played important roles,and soil neutral phosphatase could be the preferred soil enzyme indicator.