植物应对干旱胁迫的阶段性策略

Staged strategy of plants in response to drought stress

干旱是影响植物生存、生长和分布的最重要的非生物胁迫之一,全球暖干化将加剧干旱胁迫.植物对干旱胁迫的响应和适应机制一直是学术研究的热点领域.本文综述了植物应对干旱胁迫的生长和生理响应,在已有的研究结果基础上,提出了植物应对干旱胁迫的阶段性响应策略.从干旱开始到干旱致死,植物经历了干旱开始—轻度干旱—中度干旱—严重干旱—极端干旱5个阶段,分别对应着应激响应—主动适应—被动适应3种响应方式和适应机制.不同阶段中植物抗旱机制的核心任务不同.最后提出了研究植物阶段性响应策略需要解决的关键科学问题及研究方向.

Drought is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting plant growth,development and survival.Due to global warming,the drought episodes in the future will become more frequent and severe.Therefore,the plant responses to drought stress,especially the drought-resistant mechanisms,have been a focus of the studies.This paper summarized the plant growth and physiological responses to drought stress,and proposed a staged response strategy of plants for the adaptation to natural drought stress.Overall,from drought initiation to drought-induced death,plants experienced five stress stages with increasing drought intensity,i.e.,drought initiation-mild drought-moderate drought-severe drought-extreme drought,and the plant responsive and adaptive process in this whole event could be acute response-active adaptation to mild and severe drought stresses-passive adaptation to extreme drought stress.The essential function of the plant drought-resistant mechanisms varied with drought stress stages.Some key scientific problems and research directions about the staged response characteristics of plants to drought stress needed to be solved urgently in the future were pointed out.