土壤宏蛋白质组学在土壤污染评价中的应用

Applications of soil metaproteomics in soil pollution assessment:A review

土壤微生物指标是评价土壤污染程度的重要生物学指标之一.近年来,随着分子生物学的发展,应用宏基因组学、宏转录组学和宏蛋白质组学技术考察土壤微生物的生态功能成为土壤功能的研究热点.相对于宏基因组学和宏转录组学,土壤宏蛋白质组学是以土壤微生物基因的功能组分——蛋白质为直接研究对象,考察不同时空点提取出来的土壤蛋白质的变化规律,更有助于揭示土壤微生物的生态功能及其在污染物迁移转化过程中的作用,在评价土壤污染方面也更具潜力.目前,土壤宏蛋白质组学正处于起步阶段,而土壤蛋白质的提取方法是制约其发展的主要因素之一,因此本文综述了蛋白质作为土壤污染评价指标的优势,重点比较了不同土壤蛋白质提取方法的优劣,结合案例分析了蛋白质作为土壤污染评价指标的可行性及存在的问题,并对土壤宏蛋白质组学的发展进行展望.

Soil microbial indicator is one of the important biological indicators in evaluating the extent of soil contamination.In recent years,with the development of molecular biology,many studies have focused on the ecological functions of soil microorganisms by using metagenomics,metatranscriptome and metaproteomics.Relative to metagenomics and metatranscriptome,soil metaproteomics aims to investigate the spatial and temporal changes of the proteins extracted from soil as well as the functional components of soil microbial genomic expression products,which is more conclusive to explore the ecological functions of soil microbes and their roles in soil pollutants transportation and transformation.Therefore,soil metaproteomics has great potential in soil pollution assessment.Currently,soil metaproteomics is still at its infancy stage,while soil protein extraction method is one of the key factors restraining the potential application of soil metaproteomics.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantage of soil metaproteomics in soil pollution assessment were reviewed,with the focus on the comparison of different soil protein extraction methods.In combining with case studies,the feasibility and limits of soil proteins as an indicator for soil pollution assessment were analyzed.In addition,the future research perspectives on the development of soil metaproteomics were discussed.