“村改居”社区集体经济产权制度改革与探索——以福建省厦门市马垅社区为例

On the Property Right Reform of Collective Economy in Villages-Turned-Communities——Taking Malong Community in Xiamen for Example

集体经济产权制度改革是"村改居"社区由传统农村经济社会管理体制向城市社区治理机制顺利变革的关键环节,但改革还面临着清产核资过程不规范、集体资产量化分配困难、集体经济组织运作管理机制不顺等问题。马垅社区作为厦门市改革试点,"村改居"后较成功地进行了集体经济社区股份合作制改革,在加强集体资产管理、保障村民权益、促进社区发展等方面取得显著成效,清产核资、股权设置、折股量化、股权管理、收益分配、组织设计等改革环节的方案设计可供借鉴。但其改革还不完善,存在强权精英的牟利空间,缺乏对股份合作社运作的有效监督,产生了浓厚的社区福利主义。为此,要推动股份合作制度创新,加强政府引导支持,提高社区内生发展能力,进一步推动改革发展。

The property right reform of collective economy is the key point for villages-turned-communities to change from the traditional rural management system to the modern urban community governance mechanism. But many problems exist in the reform. For examplE, asset checking is far from standardization; it is quite difficult to quantify and distribute collective assets; and the operating mechanism of collective economic organizations is unreasonable. As a reformatory pilot place where a traditional rural village is tentatively turned into an urban community, Malong community （under the jurisdiction of Xiamen city） succeeded in the stock- cooperation-system-oriented reform of collective economy after it had been turned from village into community. Such a reform enhanced the management of collective assets, protected the right and interest of the vast villagers, and promoted the community development. The experience from the reform in Malong community can be used for reference. In spite of advantages, however, it inevitably left space for the powerful ＂elite＂to make profit illegally because of lacking sufficient supervision and control of the stock cooperation, and formed strong community welfare. Therefore, it is suggested that the following work be done effectively to push forward the property right reform of collective economy in villages-turned-communities： promoting system innovation, strengthening governmental guidance and support, and improving the internal ability of the villages-turned- communities.