工业革命时期英国的结社法研究

The British Combination Act during the Industrial Revolution

英国的结社法是政府为限制工人结社而制定的法律。在18世纪之前,英国并没有特别针对结社的立法,多半是在一些劳工法令中有限制劳工结社的条款。1720年英国通过了第一个结社法,此后历经数次修正。工业革命时期英国的结社法对于工人结社以及工会运动的发展起到了很大的阻碍作用。1871年,结社法不复存在而代之以工会法,工会取得合法地位,工会运动得到了一定发展。

The British Combination Acts were set by the government to restrict the combination of workers. Before the eighteenth century, there were no Combination Acts but few articles in labor laws that restricted combination in Britain. The first Combination Act was passed in 1720, and amended for several times in the following years. During the British Industrial Revolution period, the Combination Act was a great obstacle hindering the combination of workers and the development of trade union movement. It was finally replaced by the Trade Union Act in 1871, which brought legal status for trade union and developed to a certain degree the trade union movement.